Matthew 1:16

Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἄνδρα Μαρίας, ἐξ ἧς ἐγέννηθη Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός.

And Jacob begot Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.

Matt 1:16 [Textus Receptus (Elzevir) (1624)]
Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἄνδρα Μαρίας, ἐξ ἧς ἐγεννήθη Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός.

MSS: K, M, 1, 3, 4, 7 (f25v-26r), 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 27, 34, 35, 36 (f13r), 43, 44, 46, 57, 65, 72, 83, 109, 113, 116, 127, 182, 185, 186, 198, 200, 201, 230 (f16vc1-2), 272, 276, 365, 422, 438, 439, 449, 473, 476, 478, 490, 491, 500, 504, 505, 556, 560, 652, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 700 (f14r-v), 892, 901 (f9v), 1006, 1007, 1008, 1152, 1203, 2322, 2561, 2603, 3000 (f6r), ℓ1086 (f286rc2)

Matt 1:16 [Peshitta]
ܝܰܥܩܽܘܒ݂ ܐܰܘܠܶܕ݂ ܠܝܰܘܣܶܦ݂ ܓ݁ܰܒ݂ܪܳܗ ܕ݁ܡܰܪܝܰܡ ܕ݁ܡܶܢܳܗ ܐܶܬ݂ܺܝܠܶܕ݂ ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܕ݁ܡܶܬ݂ܩܪܶܐ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ܂

Matt 1:16 [Old Syriac Curetonian (Codex Curetonianus Syriacus sy^c)]
ܝܥܩܘܒ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܝܘܣܦ܂ ܗܘ ܕܡܟܝܪܐ ܗܘܬ ܠܗ ܡܪܝܡ ܒܬܘܠܬܐ܂ ܗܝ ܕܝܠܕܬ ܠܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ

Matt 1:16 [Old Syriac Sinaitic (Codex Sinaiticus Syriacus sy^s)]
ܝܥܩܘܒ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܝܘܣܦ ܝܘܣܦ ܕܡܟܝܪܐ ܗܘܬ ܠܗ ܡܪܝܡ ܒܬܘܠܬܐ܂ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܝܫܘܥ ܕܡܬܩܪܐ ܡܫܝܚܐ܀

Matt 1:16 [Philoxenian (syr^ph)]
܀ܝܥܩܘܒ ܕܝܢ ܝܠܕ ܠܐܝܘܣܝܦ ܗܘ ܓܒܪܗ ܕܡܐܪܝܐܣ: ܡܢ ܗܝ ܕܐܬܝܠܕ ܝܫܘܥ ܗܘ ܕܡܬܐܡܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ

Matt 1:16 [Old Latin (Codex Vercellensis)]
Iacob autem genuit Ioseph cui desponsata Virgo Maria genuit Iesum qui dicitur Christus

Matt 1:16 [Vulgate]
Iacob autem genuit Ioseph virum Mariae de qua natus est Iesus qui vocatur Christus

Critical Apparatus :

(1) εγεννησε : K, M, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 27, 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 57, 65, 72, 83, 109, 113, 116, 127, 182, 185, 186, 198, 200, 201, 230, 272, 276, 365, 422, 438, 439, 449, 473, 476, 478, 490, 491, 500, 504, 505, 543, 556, 560, 652, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 700, 892, 901, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1152, 1203, 1582, 2322, 2561, 2603, 3000, ℓ1086, Majority
(2) εγεννησεν : א, Ƿ1, B, C, E, L, S, W, Δ, Θ, Σ, Ω, 2, 33, 699, 1424
(3) εγενησε : 501^sup
(4) OMIT ιακωβ δε εγεννησε : 157

(5) τον ιωσηφ : א, Ƿ1?, B, C, E, K, L, M, S, W, Δ, Θ¹, Σ, Ω, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 57, 65, 72, 83, 109, 113, 116, 127, 157, 182, 185, 186, 198, 200, 201, 230, 272, 276, 365, 422, 438, 439, 449, 473, 476, 478, 490, 491, 500, 501^sup, 504, 505, 543, 556, 560, 652, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 699, 700, 892, 901, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1152, 1203, 1424, 1582, 2322, 2561, 2603, 3000, ℓ1086, Majority
(6) των ιωσηφ : Θ*

(7) τον ανδρα μαριας εξ ης εγεννηθη ιησους ο λεγομενος χριστος : א, Ƿ1, B, C, E, K, L, M, S, W, Σ, Ω, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 57, 65, 72, 83, 109, 113, 116, 127, 157, 182, 185, 186, 198, 200, 201, 230, 272, 276, 365, 422, 438, 439, 449, 473, 476, 478, 490, 491, 500, 504, 505, 556, 560, 652, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 699, 700, 892, 901, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1152, 1203, 1424, 1582c, 2322, 2561, 2603, 3000, ℓ1086, Majority, Syriac Philoxenian ( ܗܘ ܓܒܪܗ ܕܡܐܪܝܐܣ: ܡܢ ܗܝ ܕܐܬܝܠܕ ܝܫܘܥ ܗܘ ܕܡܬܐܡܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ), Vulgate (virum Mariae de qua natus est Iesus qui vocatur Christus), Bohairic
(8) τον ανδρα μαριας εξ ης εγενηθη ιησους ο λεγομενος χριστος :  501^sup
(9) ανδρα μαριας εξ ης εγεννηθη ιησους ο λεγομενος χριστος : Δ
(10) ω μνηστευθησα παρθενος μαριαμ εγεννησεν ιησουν τον λεγομενον χριστον : 543
(11) δε ω εμνηστευθη παρθενος μαριαμ εγεννησεν ιησουν τον λεγομενον χριστον : von Soden
(12) OMIT ιησους : 1582*

ALTERNATIVE:

(7) τον ανδρα : א, Ƿ1, B, C, E, K, L, M, S, W, Σ, Ω, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 57, 65, 72, 83, 109, 113, 116, 127, 157, 182, 185, 186, 198, 200, 201, 230, 272, 276, 365, 422, 438, 439, 449, 473, 476, 478, 490, 491, 500, 501^sup, 504, 505, 556, 560, 652, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 699, 700, 892, 901, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1152, 1203, 1424, 1582, 2322, 2561, 2603, 3000, ℓ1086, Majority
(8) ανδρα : Δ
(9) ω μνηστευθησα παρθενος : 543
(10) δε ω εμνηστευθη παρθενος : von Soden

(11) μαριας : א, Ƿ1, B, C, E, K, L, M, S, W, Δ, Σ, Ω, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 57, 65, 72, 83, 109, 113, 116, 127, 157, 182, 185, 186, 198, 200, 201, 230, 272, 276, 365, 422, 438, 439, 449, 473, 476, 478, 490, 491, 500, 501^sup, 504, 505, 556, 560, 652, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 699, 700, 892, 901, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1152, 1203, 1424, 1582, 2322, 2561, 2603, 3000, ℓ1086, Majority
(12) μαριαμ : 543, von Soden

(13) εξ ης εγεννηθη : א, Ƿ1, B, C, E, K, L, M, S, W, Δ, Σ, Ω, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 57, 65, 72, 83, 109, 113, 116, 127, 157, 182, 185, 186, 198, 200, 201, 230, 272, 276, 365, 422, 438, 439, 449, 473, 476, 478, 490, 491, 500, 504, 505, 556, 560, 652, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 699, 700, 892, 901, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1152, 1203, 1424, 1582, 2322, 2561, 2603, 3000, ℓ1086, Majority
(14) εξ ης εγενηθη : 501^sup
(15) εγεννησεν : 543, von Soden

(16) ιησους : א, Ƿ1, B, C, E, K, L, M, S, W, Δ, Σ, Ω, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 57, 65, 72, 83, 109, 113, 116, 127, 157, 182, 185, 186, 198, 200, 201, 230, 272, 276, 365, 422, 438, 439, 449, 473, 476, 478, 490, 491, 500, 501^sup, 504, 505, 556, 560, 652, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 699, 700, 892, 901, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1152, 1203, 1424, 1582c, 2322, 2561, 2603, 3000, ℓ1086, Majority
(17) ιησουν : 543, von Soden
(18) OMIT ιησους : 1582*

(19) ο λεγομενος χριστος : א, Ƿ1, B, C, E, K, L, M, S, W, Δ, Σ, Ω, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 57, 65, 72, 83, 109, 113, 116, 127, 157, 182, 185, 186, 198, 200, 201, 230, 272, 276, 365, 422, 438, 439, 449, 473, 476, 478, 490, 491, 500, 501^sup, 504, 505, 556, 560, 652, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 699, 700, 892, 901, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1152, 1203, 1424, 1582, 2322, 2561, 2603, 3000, ℓ1086, Majority
(20) τον λεγομενον χριστον : 543, von Soden

 

 

Tischendorf Mt 1:16

 

 

Peshitta

Peshitta 1:16

 

 

A Textual Commentary On Matthew 1:16

(a) Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσὴφ – In Luke 3:23, Joseph is called a son of Eli:

Καὶ αὐτὸς ἦν ᾿Ιησοῦς ὡσεὶ ἐτῶν τριάκοντα ἀρχόμενος, ὢν, ὡς ἐνομίζετο, υἱός, ᾿Ιωσήφ, τοῦ ῾Ηλί,

That the Jews of later time also bestowed great care upon their family registers, is shown by Julius Africanus, as quoted by Eusebius of Caesarea. Herod had burned all the genealogical records, so that no one should be able to prove that his family was more ancient than the king’s.

Thus we shall find the two, Jacob and Eli, although belonging to different families, yet brethren by the same mother. Of these the one, Jacob, when his brother Eli had died childless, took the latter’s wife and begot by her a son Joseph, his own son by nature and in accordance with reason. Wherefore also it is written: ‘Jacob begot Joseph.’ (Matthew 1:16) But according to law he was the son of Eli, for Jacob, being the brother of the latter, raised up seed to him.

Hence the genealogy traced through him will not be rendered void, which the evangelist Matthew in his enumeration gives thus: ‘Jacob begot Joseph.’ But Luke, on the other hand, says: ‘Who was the son, as was supposed’ (for this he also adds), ‘of Joseph, the son of Eli, the son of Melchi’; for he could not more clearly express the generation according to law. And the expression ‘he begot’ he has omitted in his genealogical table up to the end, tracing the genealogy back to Adam the son of God. This interpretation is neither incapable of proof nor is it an idle conjecture.

For the relatives of our Lord according to the flesh, whether with the desire of boasting or simply wishing to state the fact, in either case truly, have handed down the following account: Some Idumean robbers, having attacked Ascalon, a city of Palestine, carried away from a temple of Apollo which stood near the walls, in addition to other booty, Antipater, son of a certain temple slave named Herod. And since the priest was not able to pay the ransom for his son, Antipater was brought up in the customs of the Idumeans, and afterward was befriended by Hyrcanus, the high priest of the Jews.

And having been sent by Hyrcanus on an embassy to Pompey, and having restored to him the kingdom which had been invaded by his brother Aristobulus, he had the good fortune to be named procurator of Palestine. But Antipater having been slain by those who were envious of his great good fortune was succeeded by his son Herod, who was afterward, by a decree of the senate, made King of the Jews under Antony and Augustus. His sons were Herod and the other tetrarchs. These accounts agree also with those of the Greeks.

But as there had been kept in the archives up to that time the genealogies of the Hebrews as well as of those who traced their lineage back to proselytes, such as Achior the Ammonite and Ruth the Moabitess, and to those who were mingled with the Israelites and came out of Egypt with them, Herod, inasmuch as the lineage of the Israelites contributed nothing to his advantage, and since he was goaded with the consciousness of his own ignoble extraction, burned all the genealogical records, thinking that he might appear of noble origin if no one else were able, from the public registers, to trace back his lineage to the patriarchs or proselytes and to those mingled with them, who were called Georae.

A few of the careful, however, having obtained private records of their own, either by remembering the names or by getting them in some other way from the registers, pride themselves on preserving the memory of their noble extraction. Among these are those already mentioned, called Desposyni, on account of their connection with the family of the Saviour. Coming from Nazara and Cochaba, villages of Judea, into other parts of the world, they drew the aforesaid genealogy from memory and from the book of daily records as faithfully as possible.

Whether then the case stand thus or not no one could find a clearer explanation, according to my own opinion and that of every candid person. And let this suffice us, for, although we can urge no testimony in its support, we have nothing better or truer to offer. In any case the Gospel states the truth. And at the end of the same epistle he adds these words: “Matthan, who was descended from Solomon, begot Jacob. And when Matthan was dead, Melchi, who was descended from Nathan begot Eli by the same woman. Eli and Jacob were thus uterine brothers. Eli having died childless, Jacob raised up seed to him, begetting Joseph, his own son by nature, but by law the son of Eli. Thus Joseph was the son of both.”

Thus far Africanus. And the lineage of Joseph being thus traced, Mary also is virtually shown to be of the same tribe with him, since, according to the law of Moses, intermarriages between different tribes were not permitted. For the command is to marry one of the same family and lineage, so that the inheritance may not pass from tribe to tribe. This may suffice here.

(Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History, Book 1, Chapter 7)

(b) Shem-Tob’s Hebrew text renders Matt 1:16 as “Jacob begat Joseph; he, Joseph, was the husband of Miriam (there is a lacunae here) who is called Messiah, in the foreign tounge Kristos” (Hugh J. Schonfield’s translation).

(c) Μαρίας – Syriac Curetonian has ܡܪܝܡ ܒܬܘܠܬܐ (Mary the Virgin). The Sinaitic Syriac Codex has “Jacob begat Joseph. Joseph, to whom was betrothed Mary the Virgin, begat Jesus,” but it does not alter the story otherwise to correspond with Joseph’s paternity.

(d) ἐξ ἧς ἐγέννηθη Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός – On the meaning of Ἰησοῦς, see Philo Judaeus:

Ἰησοῦς δὲ σωτηρία κυρίου, ἕξεως ὄνομα τῆς ἀρίστης (De mutatione nominum, 121)

“but Joshua means “the salvation of the Lord,” being the name of the most excellent possible character” (On the Changes of Name, XXI. (121))

(e) The interest attaching to this question may be learned from the form in which the text of Matthew i. 16 is given in these witnesses. Syrsch agrees exactly with our present Greek text, but Syrcu presents a form which, when translated into Latin, reads, Joseph cui desponsata virgo Maria genuit Jesum Christum. Now, the only Greek manuscripts that present a form corresponding to this are four minuscules, 346, 556, 624 and 626, which differ in this respect even from the other members of the Ferrar Group to which they belong. In these four manuscripts the verse reads, Ἰωσὴφ ᾧ μνηστευθῆσα (sic) παρθένος Μαριὰμ ἐγέννησεν Ἰησοῦν τὸν λεγόμενον Χριστόν. In the Latin, however, this text is represented by a number of the oldest manuscripts, seven at least, one of which omits the word virgo, while two have peperit instead of genuit, and τὸν λεγόμενον is omitted. But in Syr^sin we find : Joseph : Joseph autem cui desponsata (erat) virgo Maria genuit Jesum Christum. The passage is similarly cited in the recently published Dialogue of Timotheus and Aquila,1 along with two other forms, thus :– Ιακωβ εγεννησεν τον Ιωσηφ τον ανδρα Μαριας, εξ ης εγεννηθη Ιησους ο λεγομενος Χριστος, και Ιψσηφ εγεννησεν τον Ιησουν τον λεγομενον Χριστον.

1 The Dialogues of Athanasins and Zacchaeus, and of Timothy and Aquila. Edited with Prolegomena and Facsimiles by F. C. Conybeare (Oxford, 189S Anecdota Oxoniensia, Classical Series, Part VIII.). See Notice in the Lit. Cbl., 1899, No. 5, col. 154 f.

(Eberhard Nestle, Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Greek New Testament, p. 99)